MAJOR=4 MINOR=32 DEVNAME=tty32 #%la:ځrCqţ e?%Six: Python 2 and 3 Compatibility Library ========================================= .. module:: six :synopsis: Python 2 and 3 compatibility .. moduleauthor:: Benjamin Peterson .. sectionauthor:: Benjamin Peterson Six provides simple utilities for wrapping over differences between Python 2 and Python 3. It is intended to support codebases that work on both Python 2 and 3 without modification. six consists of only one Python file, so it is painless to copy into a project. Six can be downloaded on `PyPi `_. Its bug tracker and code hosting is on `BitBucket `_. The name, "six", comes from the fact that 2*3 equals 6. Why not addition? Multiplication is more powerful, and, anyway, "five" has already been snatched away by the (admittedly now moribund) Zope Five project. Indices and tables ------------------ * :ref:`genindex` * :ref:`search` Package contents ---------------- .. data:: PY2 A boolean indicating if the code is running on Python 2. .. data:: PY3 A boolean indicating if the code is running on Python 3. Constants >>>>>>>>> Six provides constants that may differ between Python versions. Ones ending ``_types`` are mostly useful as the second argument to ``isinstance`` or ``issubclass``. .. data:: class_types Possible class types. In Python 2, this encompasses old-style and new-style classes. In Python 3, this is just new-styles. .. data:: integer_types Possible integer types. In Python 2, this is :func:`py2:long` and :func:`py2:int`, and in Python 3, just :func:`py3:int`. .. data:: string_types Possible types for text data. This is :func:`py2:basestring` in Python 2 and :func:`py3:str` in Python 3. .. data:: text_type Type for representing (Unicode) textual data. This is :func:`py2:unicode` in Python 2 and :func:`py3:str` in Python 3. .. data:: binary_type Type for representing binary data. This is :func:`py2:str` in Python 2 and :func:`py3:bytes` in Python 3. .. data:: MAXSIZE The maximum size of a container like :func:`py3:list` or :func:`py3:dict`. This is equivalent to :data:`py3:sys.maxsize` in Python 2.6 and later (including 3.x). Note, this is temptingly similar to, but not the same as :data:`py2:sys.maxint` in Python 2. There is no direct equivalent to :data:`py2:sys.maxint` in Python 3 because its integer type has no limits aside from memory. Here's example usage of the module:: import six def dispatch_types(value): if isinstance(value, six.integer_types): handle_integer(value) elif isinstance(value, six.class_types): handle_class(value) elif isinstance(value, six.string_types): handle_string(value) Object model compatibility >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Python 3 renamed the attributes of several intepreter data structures. The following accessors are available. Note that the recommended way to inspect functions and methods is the stdlib :mod:`py3:inspect` module. .. function:: get_unbound_function(meth) Get the function out of unbound method *meth*. In Python 3, unbound methods don't exist, so this function just returns *meth* unchanged. Example usage:: from six import get_unbound_function class X(object): def method(self): pass method_function = get_unbound_function(X.method) .. function:: get_method_function(meth) Get the function out of method object *meth*. .. function:: get_method_self(meth) Get the ``self`` of bound method *meth*. .. function:: get_function_closure(func) Get the closure (list of cells) associated with *func*. This is equivalent to ``func.__closure__`` on Python 2.6+ and ``func.func_closure`` on Python 2.5. .. function:: get_function_code(func) Get the code object associated with *func*. This is equivalent to